Start with the diagnosis
HTTP 429 means a client exceeded a provider limit during a time window or exhausted a shared quota.
Step by step
01
Read the Retry-After header
Confirm the result before moving to the next step.
02
Implement exponential backoff
Confirm the result before moving to the next step.
03
Add random jitter
Confirm the result before moving to the next step.
04
Cache repeatable results
Confirm the result before moving to the next step.
05
Track usage per user and operation
Confirm the result before moving to the next step.
Safety checklist
- Do not retry immediately forever
- Do not rotate keys to evade limits
- Show a useful retry state to the user